![]() ![]() ![]() By the turn of the century it had become naturalized on Vancouver Island (Bailey 1906) and was probably planted throughout the Pacific Northwest as an ornamental. It was sold as an ornamental in California in the 1860s following introduction of Spanish broom ( Spartium junceum) (Butterfield 1964). Scotch broom first became naturalized in North America on the East Coast (Mountjoy 1979) and is found in Nova Scotia and from New York to Georgia (Gill and Pogge 1974). Its upright dense mass of ascending stems were once cut and made into floor brooms (Wyman 1971). The common name "broom" may have been given to the plant because of its growth habit. Scotch broom: This broom is native to the British Isles as well as central and southern Europe. These pods are compressed, several seeded, with a callous appendage or strophiole near the base (Munz and Keck 1973). The pods, 2 2.5 cm long, are densely villous. In comparison, Spartium junceum has one lipped calices. The pubescent calyx, 4-5 mm long, is two lipped with short teeth. The mostly glabrous banner is ovate to rounded wings are oblong or ovate and the keel may be straight or curved. The light yellow flowers open between March and May. These racemes terminate short lateral branches, each raceme containing 3-9 flowers. They are subglabrous above, pubescent beneath.įlowers are borne in subcapitate racemes, unlike Cytisus scoparius. The leaflets are more or less obovate, entire and 1 2 cm long. The leaves are trifoliolate with petioles 3-5 mm long. These pods are compressed, several seeded, with a callous appendage or strophiole near the base (Munz and Keck 1973).įrench broom: Perennial shrubs, 1-3 meters high with villous branchlets. The brownish black pods, 3.5 to 5 cm long, are villous on the margins only. The flaring calyx is glabrous, about 7 mm long and is two lipped with short teeth. The glabrous banner is ovate to rounded wings are oblong to ovate and the keel is straight or curved. Unlike French or Spanish broom, the yellow flowers of Scotch broom are usually borne solitary in axils, blooming between April and June. The leaflets are obovate to oblanceolate, entire, strigose and 6 12 mm long. The leaves are trifoliolate with petioles 2 10 mm long. 1951) are strongly angled (Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973) and appear naked or almost so (Munz and Keck 1973). The shrubs are 1 2 meters high and deciduous. Scotch broom: Also referred to as Sarothamnus scoparius, this weed is a perennial shrub of the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family. Scientific Names: Cytisus scoparius and Cytisus monspessulanusĬommon Names: Scotch Broom and French Broom Prepared by Kelly Reeves, Southern Colorado Plateau Network Inventory and Monitoring Program, 2010.French broom, Cape broom, Montpellier broom IDENTIFIERS US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link: Scotch broom. Available at: documnts/cytisco.pdf (accessed 24 March 2010). ![]() Cytisus scoparius and Genista monspessulana in Element Stewardship Abstracts. California plant names: Latin and Greek meanings and derivations. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.Ĭharters, M. Invasive plants of California’s wildlands. In addition, Scotch broom is slightly toxic and unpalatable to livestock.īossard, C. ![]() Several characteristics contribute to its success as an invasive plant: (1) although it loses its leaves during dry conditions, the photosynthetic tissue in its stems allows it to grow throughout the year (2) its roots host nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which helps the plant to establish in nutrient-poor soils and (3) it produces abundant seeds that remain viable in the soil for many years. Scotch broom invades dry hillsides, pastures, forest clearings, dry scrublands, dry riverbeds, and waterways. However, it does not tend to survive in very arid or cold areas. Scotch broom flourishes in full sunlight in dry, sandy soils, but it can survive under a wide variety of soil conditions. Later, it was used for erosion control along highway cuts and fills. From the 1850s through the early 1900s, Scotch broom was frequently planted in gardens. Native to northern Africa and parts of Europe, it was first introduced to North America on the east coast and was later introduced to California as an ornamental. Scotch broom ( Cytisus scoparius) is found along the east and west coasts of North America and in Idaho, Montana, and Utah. Fruit is a brownish-black pod with hairs only along the seams.Small leaves occur together in groups of three.Scotch broom is a shrub with bright yellow flowers and stiff, slender branches. ![]()
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